answer:以下是完整的 Java 代码实现： ```java import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.*; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; public class VideoEncoder { private static final int BLOCK_SIZE = 8; // 块大小 private static final int BLOCK_THRESHOLD = 10; // 块比较阈值 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { File file = new File("video.avi"); List<BufferedImage> frames = loadVideoFrames(file); List<List<VideoBlock>> blocks = new ArrayList<>(); for (BufferedImage frame : frames) { List<VideoBlock> frameBlocks = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < frame.getWidth(); i += BLOCK_SIZE) { for (int j = 0; j < frame.getHeight(); j += BLOCK_SIZE) { BufferedImage blockImage = frame.getSubimage(i, j, BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE); VideoBlock block = new VideoBlock(blockImage); frameBlocks.add(block); } } blocks.add(frameBlocks); } for (int i = 0; i < blocks.size() - 1; i++) { List<VideoBlock> currentFrame = blocks.get(i); List<VideoBlock> nextFrame = blocks.get(i + 1); for (int j = 0; j < currentFrame.size(); j++) { VideoBlock currentBlock = currentFrame.get(j); VideoBlock nextBlock = nextFrame.get(j); if (currentBlock.isSimilarTo(nextBlock, BLOCK_THRESHOLD)) { currentBlock.setSimilar(true); nextBlock.setSimilar(true); } } } List<Integer> compressedData = new ArrayList<>(); for (List<VideoBlock> frameBlocks : blocks) { for (VideoBlock block : frameBlocks) { if (block.isSimilar()) { compressedData.add(1); } else { compressedData.add(0); compressedData.addAll(block.getPixels()); } } } File outputFile = new File("output.dat"); writeCompressedData(outputFile, compressedData); } private static List<BufferedImage> loadVideoFrames(File file) throws IOException { List<BufferedImage> frames = new ArrayList<>(); try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis)) { while (true) { byte[] frameLengthBytes = new byte[4]; int readLength = bis.read(frameLengthBytes); if (readLength != 4) { break; } int frameLength = bytesToInt(frameLengthBytes); byte[] frameBytes = new byte[frameLength]; readLength = bis.read(frameBytes); if (readLength != frameLength) { break; } BufferedImage frame = ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(frameBytes)); frames.add(frame); } } return frames; } private static int bytesToInt(byte[] bytes) { int number = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { number |= bytes[i] & 0xff; if (i < 3) { number <<= 8; } } return number; } private static void writeCompressedData(File file, List<Integer> data) throws IOException { FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file); BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos); for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i += 8) { int b = 0; for (int j = 0; j < 8 && i + j < data.size(); j++) { if (data.get(i + j) == 1) { b |= (1 << j); } } bos.write(b); } bos.close(); fos.close(); } } class VideoBlock { private BufferedImage image; private boolean isSimilar; public VideoBlock(BufferedImage image) { this.image = image; this.isSimilar = false; } public boolean isSimilarTo(VideoBlock other, int threshold) { int diff = 0; for (int i = 0; i < image.getWidth(); i++) { for (int j = 0; j < image.getHeight(); j++) { diff += Math.abs(image.getRGB(i, j) - other.image.getRGB(i, j)); } } return diff < threshold; } public List<Integer> getPixels() { List<Integer> pixels = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < image.getWidth(); i++) { for (int j = 0; j < image.getHeight(); j++) { pixels.add(image.getRGB(i, j)); } } return pixels; } public boolean isSimilar() { return isSimilar; } public void setSimilar(boolean similar) { isSimilar = similar; } } ``` 在此示例中，loadVideoFrames() 方法通过从文件中读取二进制数据来加载视频帧。读取的每个帧包含一个 4 字节的整数表示其长度，后跟对应长度的字节数据。写入压缩数据时，将每个 8 位比特位的 0 和 1 编码为一个字节，并将编码后的字节写入输出文件中。 随着压缩比的提高，熵编码算法的压缩效率会逐渐逼近理论极限。然而，与压缩比和解压缩速度相比，压缩和解压缩算法的复杂性和实现难度更具挑战性。因此，在实际应用中，选择合适的压缩算法需要综合考虑多个因素。

answer:NullPointerException 表示空指针异常，通常是由于代码中引用了空对象或未初始化的对象而引起的。根据异常提示，可能是因为加载视频帧时未能成功或者某些帧加载失败，导致 frames 列表中存在 null 对象。请检查以下几个方面： 1. 确保视频文件存在，并且视频帧格式正确，可以使用其他工具检查视频文件是否存在解码问题。 2. 检查 loadVideoFrames 方法中读取视频帧时是否出现异常，可以在 catch 语句中添加 printStackTrace 方法来查看异常信息。 3. 检查加载视频帧后 frames 列表中是否存在 null 对象，可以通过打印列表输出来确认。 以下是一个修改后的代码示例，添加了一些异常处理和调试信息，可能有助于找出问题所在： ```java import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.*; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; public class VideoEncoder { private static final int BLOCK_SIZE = 8; private static final int BLOCK_THRESHOLD = 10; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { File file = new File("video.avi"); List<BufferedImage> frames = loadVideoFrames(file); if (frames.isEmpty()) { System.out.println("No frames loaded, exiting."); return; } List<List<VideoBlock>> blocks = new ArrayList<>(); for (BufferedImage frame : frames) { List<VideoBlock> frameBlocks = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < frame.getWidth(); i += BLOCK_SIZE) { for (int j = 0; j < frame.getHeight(); j += BLOCK_SIZE) { BufferedImage blockImage = frame.getSubimage(i, j, BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE); VideoBlock block = new VideoBlock(blockImage); frameBlocks.add(block); } } blocks.add(frameBlocks); } for (int i = 0; i < blocks.size() - 1; i++) { List<VideoBlock> currentFrame = blocks.get(i); List<VideoBlock> nextFrame = blocks.get(i + 1); for (int j = 0; j < currentFrame.size(); j++) { VideoBlock currentBlock = currentFrame.get(j); VideoBlock nextBlock = nextFrame.get(j); if (currentBlock.isSimilarTo(nextBlock, BLOCK_THRESHOLD)) { currentBlock.setSimilar(true); nextBlock.setSimilar(true); } } } List<Integer> compressedData = new ArrayList<>(); for (List<VideoBlock> frameBlocks : blocks) { for (VideoBlock block : frameBlocks) { if (block.isSimilar()) { compressedData.add(1); } else { compressedData.add(0); compressedData.addAll(block.getPixels()); } } } File outputFile = new File("output.dat"); writeCompressedData(outputFile, compressedData); } private static List<BufferedImage> loadVideoFrames(File file) throws IOException { List<BufferedImage> frames = new ArrayList<>(); try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis)) { while (true) { byte[] frameLengthBytes = new byte[4]; int readLength = bis.read(frameLengthBytes); if (readLength != 4) { break; } int frameLength = bytesToInt(frameLengthBytes); byte[] frameBytes = new byte[frameLength]; readLength = bis.read(frameBytes); if (readLength != frameLength) { break; } BufferedImage frame = ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(frameBytes)); if (frame == null) { System.out.println("Failed to read frame, data length: " + frameLength); } else { frames.add(frame); } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return frames; } private static int bytesToInt(byte[] bytes) { int number = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { number |= bytes[i] & 0xff; if (i < 3) { number <<= 8; } } return number; } private static void writeCompressedData(File file, List<Integer> data) throws IOException { FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file); Buffered

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